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Mitochondrial donation
Mitochondrial donation is a specialized form of in vitro fertilization in which the future baby's mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party. Two of several possible techniques are cytoplasmic transfer and spindle transfer. Such treatment may result in human offspring with three genetic parents, the so-called three-parent babies.〔Keim, Brandon, (Three-Parent Children: Reality or Technicality? ), Feb 5, 2008.〕〔Alleyne, Richard.('Three parent babies' take a step closer to reality ), ''The Telegraph'', Nov. 12, 2009.〕〔Randerson, James. (Scientists seek to create 'three-parent' babies ) ''The New Scientist'' Oct. 19. 2004〕 The procedure is intended to prevent mitochondrial diseases including diabetes mellitus and deafness and some heart and liver conditions.〔(Three-Parent IVF Set to Go Ahead in Britain ), Discover Magazine, June 28, 2013〕 As it borders on being gene therapy, it is the subject of considerable controversy in the field of bioethics. The procedure is not currently approved for general use in any country aside from the United Kingdom, which legalised it in 2015.
==Case of Alana Saarinen==
Alana Saarinen (born 2000) is a girl from the US conceived through an infertility treatment known as cytoplasmic transfer and has DNA from three biological parents. She is the daughter of Sharon and Paul Saarinen, and a third donor. (However, the first person born using cytoplasmic transfer was Emma Ott of Pennsylvania in 1997.)
Before Saarinen's birth, her parents had gone through four attempts to have a baby through numerous IVF procedures without success. The fifth attempt using cytoplasmic transfer succeeded. The treatment involved the transfer of a third donor's cytoplasm, containing healthy mitochondria, to Sharon Saarinen's egg with unhealthy mitochondria. The egg was then fertilized with Paul Saarinen's sperm. During the process of transferring DNA, some DNA from the donor was in the embryo. Ninety-nine percent of Saarinen's genetic material is from her parents, and one percent is from the third donor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CNN.com - How far will couples go to conceive? - Mar 12, 2004 )〕
According to her mother, Saarinen is healthy and has a fairly normal life as a teenager such as playing golf and the piano, listening to music and hanging out with friends. Despite the success of Saarinen's case, cytoplasmic transfer technique was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration (in 2001) due to safety and ethical concerns. As the result of the pioneering infertility treatment, several research teams in the United Kingdom are currently requesting a regulatory approval for a similar technique called mitochondrial replacement. The technique would use a donor's healthy mitochondria to treat women at risk of passing on mitochondrial diseases to their children.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC News - The girl with three biological parents )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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